how to write eg in an essay

Grammarflex

How to Write e.g. (Examples and Worksheet)

• November 1, 2022

If you thought Latin was a language of the past—think again! Learn how to use e.g. in writing, understand its meaning, and more.

What does e.g. mean?

The abbreviation e.g. means “for example,” and offers a short and easy way to write ‘for example’. This makes it clear to the reader that an example is being provided in the following sentences. E.g. stands for the Latin words exempli gratia , which translates to “for the sake of example.”

When to use e.g. in writing or text?

Hopefully it goes without being explicitly stated that we write (or say the words) ‘for example,’ whenever introducing an example (to make it crystal clear to the reader that this is what we are about to do in the following sentences.)

Likewise, you would use e.g. in writing to introduce an example, or a few examples. See a couple examples of the exempli gratia, in action:

Should that happen to poor, as-yet unaffected places (e.g., most of South Asia and Africa) the suffering can be great. —“WHO rejects calls to move Olympics over Zika fears”

There’s a common view that Malcolm Turnbull’s ‘30-minute city’ is yet another slight variation on the many terms we already have for a more sustainable urban form e.g., a compact city, walkable city, smart growth, new urbanism, urban consolidation.—“Is Turnbull’s ’30-minute city’ a serious election issue?”

What’s the difference between e.g. and i.e.?

I.e. stands for the Latin words id est . This translates to “ in other words ” or “ that is to say ”: “That is (to say)” in the sense of “that means” and “which means”, or “in other words”, “namely”, or sometimes “in this case”, depending on the context. (Wikipedia)

A trick to remember the difference!

Here’s a quick trick to remember the difference in meaning between e.g. and i.e. :

E.g. = Example

I.e. = In essence

In other words, for e.g. think ‘E’ = example. For i.e. , think ‘in essence,’ which works as a synonym for ‘in other words,’ or ‘that is to say.’

How to correctly write e.g. and i.e.

Are e.g. and i.e. written in capital letters or lowercase? Do they use commas or italics? And what about periods? Let’s address these questions in turn:

Lowercase or not?

When writing either abbreviation, i.e., or e.g. , they should be in lowercase letters. Use lowercase letters when writing i.e. or e.g.

Italics or not?

‍ When the Latin words are fully spelled out, it should be stylized in italics. Abbreviations, however, do not need to be italicized. Do not italicize e.g. or i.e. in writing, unless you are writing out the full Latin words (in which case, this is no longer the abbreviated form, and so requires italicizing.) It’s generally not advised to write out the full Latin phrase, unless it’s relevant for some reason (as in the context it’s written in here, for example, ha-ha .)

Periods or not?

Periods are used in abbreviations to indicate that the words are indeed abbreviations. Yes, use periods after both of the individual letters in i.e. and e.g.

Commas or not?

Most American style guides recommend including a comma after i.e. or e.g. British style does not. If you’re American, include a comma after i.e. or e.g. in writing. Otherwise, it’s okay to omit the periods.

How to use e.g. in sentences and text

Take a look at the following sentences that show the correct way to use e.g.:

1. Let’s look at some important dates in American history—e.g., July 4, 1776.

2. I collect the works of many poets (e.g., Dickinson, Frost, Angelou).

3. If you’re worried about a house full of dog hair, remember there are many non-shedding breeds—e.g., silky terriers, Basenjis, and Lhasa apsos.

4. I’ve got no food restrictions, but some things I’d sooner not eat, e.g., oysters.

5. The most applauded moments were her soliloquies—e.g., at the end of Scene 1.

How to use i.e. in sentences and text

Take a look at the following sentences that show the correct way to use i.e.:

1. Our son’s adorable pound puppy is my favorite breed —i.e., a mutt!

2. The critics called the performance “scintillating” and “dazzling”—i.e., they loved it.

3. There’s only one way I don’t like my potatoes prepared, i.e., boiled.

4. They spent their last day at camp enjoying their two favorite activities, i.e., swimming and zip-lining.

5. Our writers do a lot of research to avoid anachronisms—i.e., those errors that confuse the times of our stories with later times in history.

In review: how to use e.g.

E.g. stands for the Latin words exempli gratia , which directly translates to “for the sake of an example.” E.g. is used in writing and text to introduce an example, or few examples in a list.

The e.g. abbreviation is completely different from i.e., which is also Latin and stands for id est . I.e. means “ in other words ” or “ that is to say”, and is included in writing when the following information is meant to elaborate or clarify whatever was previously mentioned.

‍Keep learning!

• What’re personal pronouns?
• What’s the difference between they’re, their, and there?
• Whose vs who’s?
• Etymology of e.g
• Sentence examples of e.g .
• Wikipedia on i.e.
• “WHO rejects calls to move Olympics over Zika fears”
• Sentence examples of i.e. and e.g.

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How to Use i.e. and e.g.

By Erin Wright

But first, let’s explore the difference between them.

What Is the Difference between i.e. and e.g.?

The abbreviation i.e. stands for id est , which is a Latin term that means “that is.” Use i.e. when you’re identifying all of the information referenced in the sentence.

Emmylou needs to buy the rest of her school supplies ( i.e., three notebooks, two mechanical pencils, and a calculator) before summer semester begins next week.

Nelson stopped at Trader Joe’s for his favorite foods ( i.e., orange chicken, speculoos cookie butter, and crystallized candied ginger).

The abbreviation e.g. stands for exempli gratia , which is a Latin term that means “for example.” Use e.g. when you’re providing an example of the information referenced in the sentence but not all of the information.

Pancho enjoys playing with his cat toys ( e.g., mice, crinkle balls, and laser pointers) after his third afternoon nap.

Lefty likes to snack on his human’s food ( e.g., toast, chicken nuggets, and tater tots) more than his cat treats.

How to Use i.e. and e.g. in Business, Scholarly, and Journalistic Writing

In business and scholarly writing, i.e. and e.g. normally appear in parentheses within the body content, as shown in the examples above. They may appear outside of parentheses in footnotes and endnotes. 1 However, i.e. and e.g. sometimes appear without parentheses in newspapers and magazines. 2

Whether you’re writing business, scholarly, or journalistic content, use periods between the letters and use a comma after the second period—unless you’re following British English, which commonly omits the comma after i.e. and sometimes omits the periods in e.g. 3

Further Reading: Is It E-Mail or Email? Seven Technology Spelling Questions Answered

1. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , 7th ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2020), 6.29; The Chicago Manual of Style , 17th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017), 5.250, 6.51.

2. The Associated Press Stylebook 2020–2022 (New York: Associated Press, 2020), 97, 148.

3. Bryan A. Garner, Garner’s Modern English Usage (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016), 480.

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Grammar Rules: i.e. and e.g.

by Melissa Donovan | Jan 9, 2024 | Grammar Rules | 22 comments

Learn the grammar rules for Latin abbreviations i.e. and e.g.

Occasionally, we come across the abbreviations i.e. and e.g. , but what do they mean, and what is the difference between them? How do grammar rules apply?

These two terms originate in the Latin language and are just two of the many Latin phrases that have survived into modern language.

Both i.e. and e.g. are abbreviations for longer Latin phrases, so one of the smartest ways to memorize these terms is to learn what they stand for.

If you speak any of the Latin languages, you’ll have the upper hand in memorizing i.e. and e.g. And if you don’t speak any Latin languages, then here are some tips to help you better understand these two terms.

That is (i.e.)

Id est means “that is.” It can also mean “in other words.” According to our grammar rules, when this term is abbreviated, it is always written with periods between and after the letters: i.e. , and it should always be followed by a comma, and then the remainder of the sentence. It often acts as a conjunction, linking two separate phrases or ideas together. It is interesting to note that the similar phrase il est is still fully alive in the French language, meaning “he is” or “it is.”

I am writing, i.e. , I am putting my thoughts into words on paper.

I am writing, that is , I am putting my thoughts into words on paper.

For Example (e.g.)

Exempli gratia means “for the sake of example,” but we often construe it to simply mean “for example.” As with i.e., it is always written with periods between and after the letters when it is abbreviated. It is usually followed by a comma, but there may be exceptions based on context.

There are many Latin words and phrases that still exist in modern languages, e.g. , carpe diem , which means “seize the day.”

There are many Latin words and phrases that still exist in modern languages, for example ,  carpe diem , which means “seize the day.”

Avoid a Mix-up: Tips for Remembering i.e. and e.g.

Abbreviated or not, these terms are not interchangeable. They simply do not mean the same thing. Still, they are often used in ways that are confusing, and since they look similar, they are easy to confuse. How to remember the difference?

These two abbreviations share the letter e . So, we must use the other letters, the i and the g , respectively, to remember which is which. The trick is to just remember one of them, and the easiest of the two is i.e., or that is .

If you can associate the i in i.e. with the word is , you’ll be fine, because e.g. doesn’t have the letter i , and neither does the phrase for example .

i .e. = that i s

e.g. = for example

Another popular memory trick involves the made-up word eggsample, which starts with e.g.  and sounds a lot like example  (as in “for example ” or “for eggsample”), which, of course, is the meaning of e.g. ).

Can you think of any other ways to easily remember i.e. and e.g.? Which Latin terms do you struggle with? Are there any grammar rules that confuse you? Leave a comment to share your thoughts or ask questions.

22 Comments

“There are many Latin words and phrases which still exist in modern languages, e.g., carpe diem, which means seize the day.”

It’s like a Latin sandwich! Great post. Stuff I should probably have known, but never bothered to remember.

This is a good point. I don’t normally use “e.g.” Now I have to start thinking about using “i.e.” more. The thought of “Internet Explorer” associated with that abbreviation saddens me. 😉

The other latin abbreviation that I like is “n.b.” or Nota Bene. When I isolate a note in a seperate paragraph, it implies that it needs a special attention.

I’d never heard of “n.b.” before. What does Nota Bene translate to?

When working with pilots in interpreting their union contract, our company’s contract expert told us to interpret i.e. as “in effect,” mening that whatever followed the i.e. was the only thing that the contract was referring to.

He also said that e.g. could be interpreted as “example given,” meaning that the contract gives examples here, but that those are not the only possibilities.

Hope that helps!

Namaste, A. Caleb Hartley

Hey great post! It’s amazing how we use these little abbreviations all the time without actually thinking about where they come from. I tend to use “e.g.” and “i.e.” interchangeably, even though it’s improper to do so. Now that I know the proper use for both, I won’t make that mistake again!

The only other Latin abbreviation I’m familiar with is AD, which means “In the year of our Lord”.

This is totally one of my pet peeves when seeing people mess this one up. I’m pointing to this post from now on when I see it used wrong 😛

Very good information, Melissa. I’ve never really thought about it before, but I guess I’ve avoided using these abbreviations. 🙁

Thanks for clarifying for us. I’m stumbling this post right now!

Smiles, Michele

@Rhett: There’s a lot of Latin in our language. I’d love to study Latin; it is a great way to gain better understanding of linguistics and etymology.

@Rudy: I too rarely use e.g. because I tend to write out “for example.” I do use i.e. from time to time.

@Erik: According to Wikipedia, Nota Bene means “note well,” i.e., “pay attention,” often used to draw reader’s attention to a side note.

@A. Caleb: Those are great examples! In effect and example given…I’ll have to try and remember those! Thanks!

@Brad: I think a lot of people use these interchangeably, which is one of the reasons I wanted to post on this topic.

@Trisha: Thanks! It’s not a pet peeve for me. In fact, there’s a good chance mixing these up might escape my notice unless I am actively proofreading.

@Michele: Thanks for the Stumble!

I don’t know any Latin (except the odd phrase like Carpe Diem), and while I know the difference in usage between i.e. and e.g., I never actually knew what they stood for (grin). So, thanks!

@Deb: Thank you! I wasn’t sure this post would be of much interest to anyone, but it seems people do like to know these things and that makes me warm and fuzzy inside.

@Melissa: Thank you for putting your time and effort into compiling a clear and concise way to interpret “i.e.” and “e.g.”

You’re welcome!

Excellent! I am always confusing these i.e. and e.g. !

Me too! When I proofread, I read “e.g.” as “for eggsample” to see if it fits. Love that little trick!

I enjoy your grammar refreshers (and Ali’s course). How bout dealing sometime with cliches, particularly how to recognize what is and is not a cliche. I know about dictionaries that list lots of examples, but how do you decide on “fence-sitting” possibilities?

I’ve been avoiding that topic for a while because I feel it’s subjective and there are times when a cliche works well. In other words, my whole post would basically be telling writers they need to use their best judgment on a case-by-case basis. As a rule, I say avoid cliches but if it’s the only way to convey your message or if you’re writing in a style/form/project in which cliches are appropriate, then go for it.

I wonder how it became customary to abbreviate an expression as short as “il est.” Why bother? You only save three keystrokes!

Great observation, Brian! I hadn’t thought about it with “il est” but I have thought about it with other words (like okay = o.k. or OK, which only saves two keystrokes). Actually, I don’t think it has anything to do with keystrokes since many abbreviations were born before the computer and typewriter. It would be interesting to research the history of abbreviating words and phrases that are already short.

Not gonna lie, I didn’t know that. But happy to learn it! Thanks for sharing:)

Only the wise know what they don’t know and are unafraid to admit it. Keep learning!

I always heard i.e. meant “in essence.” So I never had a problem. And when e.g. came along, it seemed natural to pronounce it “egg,” so again, I never had a problem.

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What’s the Difference Between I.e. and E.g.?

• 2-minute read
• 9th June 2023

The abbreviations ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ have a couple of things in common: both are short for Latin terms, and both are now commonly used in academic writing.

However, each has a very specific meaning and they shouldn’t be confused. As such, it’s essential to know how and when to use both in your written work.

E.g. ( exempli gratia )

The term ‘e.g.’ is short for exempli gratia , which means ‘for example’. As this implies, we use ‘e.g.’ when introducing an example of some kind:

As the examples above show, we usually use ‘e.g.’ either after a colon or within parentheses. When introducing an example in the main text of an essay, it’s better to use a phrase like ‘for example’, ‘such as’ or ‘for instance’:

I.e. ( id est )

‘I.e.’ is an abbreviation of the Latin term id est , meaning ‘that is’. We therefore use ‘i.e.’ when introducing an explanation of something:

In the example above, for instance, ‘i.e.’ is used to clarify what ‘flora’ and ‘fauna’ mean.

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We also use ‘i.e.’ when clarifying the members of a particular category:

This differs from introducing an example because ‘John, Paul, George and Ringo’ is a complete list of Beatles, rather than simply a sample (unless you want to count George Martin , but that’s an argument for a different time).

E.g. or I.e.?

As shown above, whether you should use ‘e.g.’ or ‘i.e.’ depends entirely on what you’re doing:

• If introducing an example, use ‘e.g.’ (remember: ‘example’ and ‘e.g.’ both start with ‘e’)
• If introducing an explanation or clarification, use ‘i.e.’ (it can help to think of ‘i.e.’ as being short for ‘in explanation’, even if this isn’t the literal translation)

Hopefully, you now feel more confident about using these two terms. in your writing. If you’re ever unsure about which one to use, remember you can always have a sample of your work proofread for free by our expert editors!

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When to Use “e.g.” and “i.e.” While Writing Your Paper

We see them often in text, usually in parentheses, and we can usually figure out the context from the text before them, but what do those letters mean? The abbreviation “e.g.” stands for the Latin exempli gratia , which means “for example” or “for the sake of example.” The abbreviation “ i.e. ” stands for the Latin phrase id est , which means “that is to say” or “in other words.” When writing, we often use these terms like examples ( e.g. ) to emphasize a point or use ( i.e. ) to state the point in a different way without a long explanation.

Some confuse the two terms and use them incorrectly. The following will provide you with some helpful hints and examples.

E.g. vs. i.e.–What’s the Difference?

As stated above, e.g. is short for “for example.” The easiest way to remember this one is that it starts with an “ e ” and so does “ example .” Here’s how to use for example (e.g.) in a sentence:

“There are many types of trees ( e.g., spruce, oak, maple ) in the study area.” “There were several breeds of horse ( e.g., Thoroughbreds, Appaloosas, Paints ) at the barn where we conducted our study on West Nile Virus.”

Note that by providing a few names as examples, we imply that there are many more than just these three trees or these three breeds of horse.

If these three trees or horse breeds were the only ones in those settings, the sentences would instead read:

“There are many spruce, oak, and maple trees in the study area.” “There are Thoroughbreds, Appaloosas, and Paints at the barn where we conducted our study on West Nile Virus.”

Related: Finished preparing your manuscript? Check out  these additional points now before submitting your manuscript

Remembering the abbreviation i.e. is just as easy. It begins with an “ i ” and so does the first word in its meaning—“ in other words.” Here’s how to use i.e. in a sentence:

“After work, I’m going to try the new restaurant ( i.e., All About Pasta ) to decide on a venue for the reception.” “To buy the car that I really want ( i.e., a Tesla ), I will have to work a lot of overtime.”

It might also help you remember the differences if you think of the two abbreviations this way: e.g. provides examples so it tends to increase the number of options, while i.e. provides clarification or precise information so that it tends to narrow down the number of options.

Punctuation and Style

Correct punctuation of abbreviations is also important. For these two abbreviations, the punctuation is fairly simple, although there are some exceptions (as noted). Some of the rules of punctuation for these two abbreviations are as follows:

• Use lowercase letters unless at the beginning of a sentence (very rare) and then capitalize only the first letter. It would be best to not use an abbreviation to begin a sentence. Instead, write out the phrase it stands for , such as “for example,” or “in other words,” to begin the sentence.
• Place a period after each letter.
• Place a comma after the second period (note: in British English, no commas are used).
• Do not italicize even though they are abbreviated Latin terms; however, note that some author guidelines specify that all foreign words and phrases be italicized. In scientific writing, we often see phrases such as “in vitro” italicized as well as these abbreviations. Be sure to check your guidelines.
• Place the phrase either in parentheses or within the sentence itself. This is a matter of preferred style. Most scientific writings place the phrases inside parentheses, and the Chicago Manual of Style , which is used for all prose and poetry and in many of the liberal arts fields of discipline, specifies that they always be inside parentheses.

Different disciplines use different style guides that have their own rules of punctuation for these and other abbreviations. Generally, the above points should be followed in most cases in academic writing. Abbreviations are fairly standardized across all disciplines; however, always be sure to check your author guidelines and style guides for specific discipline for any exceptions to these rules.

Have you faced any problems while using e.g. or i.e.? What tips did you follow? Share with us in the comments section!

Frequently Asked Questions

"E.g." is an abbreviation that stands for "exempli gratia," which is Latin for "for example." It is used to introduce one or more examples that illustrate or represent the general statement being made.

"I.e." stands for the Latin phrase "id est", which translates to "that is" in English. It is used to clarify or explain something further by providing an alternative or more specific wording. When you use "i.e.," you are essentially saying "in other words" or "more precisely."

Use "e.g." when you want to provide one or more examples that represent a general statement or category. It implies that the examples given are not an exhaustive list. Use "i.e." when you want to clarify or provide an alternative wording for something that has been mentioned before. It offers further explanation or rephrasing.

"E.g." and "i.e." are both abbreviations that serve different purposes. "I.e." is used to provide further explanation, clarification, or rephrasing of something mentioned previously. Example: "I have only one goal this year, i.e., to save enough money for a trip around the world." "E.g." is used to introduce one or more examples that represent a broader category or concept. Example: "She enjoys outdoor activities, e.g., hiking, swimming, and cycling."

The abbreviation "e.g." stands for the Latin exempli gratia, which means "for example" or "for the sake of example."

The abbreviation "i.e." stands for the Latin phrase id est, which means "that is to say” or "in other words."

This post clarified all my life now. I used to struggle and misunderstand every time I read those abbreviations but now, after that amazing explanation, I feel like I finally learn! Thank you so much!!!!

Is ‘i.e.’ used in past tense too? For example,

I was wondering what e.g. stood for. I had to go to another page. E.g. stands for exempli gratia and means “for example.” Otherwise, easy to understand and helpful. That is also an example of using it in the beginning of a sentence. Thank you for this article.

It is helpful to me thank you

A fascinating discussion is definitely worth comment. I believe that you should write more on this topic, it might not be a taboo subject but usually folks don’t talk about such subjects. To the next! Best wishes!!

It helped me a lot, I’ve been wondering why it’s not e.x. but e.g. for a long time as well as many around.

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E.g. or I.e.? Main Differences and How to Use Them

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Abbreviations can sometimes cause confusion. Two common abbreviations that writers often encounter are ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ These Latin terms, while similar, serve different purposes. Let’s delve into their meanings and how to use them effectively.

What Does E.g. Mean?

‘E.g.’ is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase ‘exempli gratia,’ which translates to ‘for example’. It is typicallyused to introduce one or more examples that illustrate a point or support an assertion. When you use ‘e.g.’ in a sentence, you are providing examples that represent a broader category or concept.

How to use e.g.:

• Many fruits (e.g., apples, bananas, oranges) are rich in vitamins.

What Does I.e. Mean?

On the other hand, ‘i.e.’ is short for the Latin phrase ‘id est,’ meaning ‘that is.’ It is used to clarify or specify a statement by providing further explanation or rephrasing. When you use ‘i.e.’ in a sentence, you are elaborating on what has been previously mentioned.

• I prefer to exercise outdoors (i.e., running in the park) rather than at the gym.

How to Use I.e. and E.g. in Writing

Here’s a more detailed breakdown of how to use these abbreviations effectively:

Place ‘e.g.’ or ‘i.e.’ within parentheses or follow them with a comma when they appear in the middle of a sentence. This separates them from the surrounding text and alerts readers to their function as abbreviations.

Punctuation

Make sure you use the correct punctuation when using ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ Use a period after each letter in both abbreviations (‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’). If they occur within a sentence, use a comma afterwards to maintain the correct punctuation.

Capitalisation

Consistently use lowercase letters for both ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ unless they appear at the beginning of a sentence. When these abbreviations start a sentence, capitalise them as you would any other word.

As briefly explained above, select ‘e.g.’ when providing examples to illustrate a broader category or concept. This signals to readers that the examples listed are representative and not exhaustive. Use ‘i.e.’ when clarification or rephrasing is needed. It indicates to readers that further explanation or elaboration on the preceding statement will follow.

• I enjoy listening to various genres of music (e.g., pop, rock, jazz) depending on my mood.
• I prefer to spend my weekends outdoors (i.e., hiking in the mountains or cycling by the beach) rather than staying indoors.

FAQs on ‘E.g.’ and ‘I.e.’

Are there alternatives to using ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’.

Yes, there are alternatives you can use. Instead of ‘e.g.,’ you might use phrases like ‘for example,’ ‘such as,’ or ‘including.’ For ‘i.e.,’ you can substitute with ‘that is,’ ‘in other words,’ or ‘namely.’ These alternatives can often make your writing more accessible and clear.

How can I remember the difference between ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’?

A good way to remember the difference is to think of ‘e.g.’ as standing for ‘example given.’ It’s used to introduce one or more examples. On the other hand, ‘i.e.’ stands for ‘id est,’ which is Latin for ‘that is.’ It is used to clarify or restate something in different words. So, if you’re giving examples, use ‘e.g.’ If you’re explaining or defining something further, use ‘i.e.’

Can ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ be used in formal writing?

Yes, both ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ can be used in formal writing. However, it’s important to use them correctly and sparingly. For clarity, especially in highly formal or academic writing, you might opt for the full phrases ‘for example’ and ‘that is’ instead of the abbreviations.

Also Read: How to Use Quotation Marks: Rules and Examples

Using Abbreviations to Enhance Clarity in Your Writing

‘E.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ meanings might sound similar at a first glance, but if your remember the above tips you will be able to use them correctly. Mastering the usage of ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ can significantly enhance the clarity and precision of your writing. Understanding how to use them appropriately can help you convey your message effectively. 

Need to ensure correct use of these latin abbreviations? We’ve got you covered. Let us help you refine your writing and ensure proper usage of abbreviations in your documents. Our editing and proofreading services can polish your content to perfection. Get a bespoke quote today .

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I.e. vs E.g. vs Ex.: Which Is Which?

General Education

Struggling to figure out when you should use e.g. vs i.e.? What about i.e. vs ex.? E.g. vs e.x.?

Those are enough abbreviations to make your head spin! In this article, we'll break down what i.e., e.g., and ex. all stand for and explain how to use each properly in a sentence. We'll also give you some quick tips for remembering which is which.

The Bottom Line: What's the Difference Between I.e., E.g., and Ex.?

I.e., e.g., and ex. are all abbreviations. I.e. and e.g. are abbreviations for Latin phrases and ex. is an abbreviation for an English word. Let's take a deeper look at each them.

What Does I.e. Mean?

"I.e" is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "id est," which translates to "that is" or "in other words."

Here's a look at "i.e." in action:

"I am a vegetarian, i.e., I don't eat meat."

In the example, "i.e." is used to provide more clarification about what being a vegetarian means. You could also read the sentence as, "I am a vegetarian, in other words, I don't eat meat."

What Does E.g. Mean?

"E.g." is an abbreviation for a Latin phrase as well. The Latin phrase "exempli gratia" is the longer form of "e.g." "Exempli gratia" translates to "for example."

Let's take a look at an example of "e.g." in a sentence:

"I love to eat vegetables, e.g., carrots, spinach, and arugula."

You use "e.g." to introduce examples of something. In the sentence above, it's used to introduce examples of the vegetables that the subject of the sentence likes.

What Does Ex. Mean?

"Ex." is another abbreviation, but for an English word: "exercise." Writers use "ex." in their work to refer to an exercise. Many people think that "ex." stands for example, but that's a common mistake. "Ex." is used to introduce exercises.

Here's a look at how:

"Please refer to ex. 4."

The sentence instructs the reader to refer to an exercise later in the text, likely in an appendix.

Rules for Using I.e., E.g., and Ex. in Writing

Now that we know what e.g., i.e., and ex. mean, let's look at how to use them correctly in writing.

E.g., i.e., and ex. should all be written in lowercase when you use them in the middle of a sentence.

E.g. and i.e. should be followed by a comma, as seen in the following examples:

"There were many flavors of ice cream at the shop, e.g., chocolate, vanilla, cookie dough, and mint chocolate chip."

"I don't like eating raw fish, i.e., sushi."

Even though e.g. and i.e. are both Latin abbreviations, you don't need to italicize them in your writing.

Tricks for Using I.e. vs E.g. vs Ex.

Stuck trying to figure out when to use i.e. vs e.g., i.e. vs ex., or e.g. vs ex.? Don't worry, there are a few tricks for remembering which abbreviation works for which situation.

You don't need to remember the Latin translations for i.e. or e.g. to know when to use them. Instead, remind yourself what each means!

"I.e." is another way of saying "in other words." You can remember this because "i.e." and "in other words" both start with the letter "i."

Whenever you write a sentence with "i.e.," read it back to yourself and replace "i.e." with "in other words." If it makes sense, you're using it right. If not, take another look at the sentence.

"E.g." in Latin is "exempli gratia." "E.g" means "for example," so you can remember that "e.g." is used to introduce different "exempli" or "examples."

If you're writing a sentence with "e.g.," read it back to yourself and replace "e.g." with "for example." If it makes sense, you're all set! If not, you're probably using "e.g." incorrectly.

"Ex." is short for "exercise." You can remember that because "ex" and "exercise" both start with "ex."

Final Thoughts

It's tricky to remember the differences between i.e. vs e.g. vs ex. But it doesn't have to be! Each has its own specific usage:

• "I.e." is another way of saying "in other words."
• "E.g." is another way of saying "for example."
• "Ex." is an abbreviation for "exercise."

Remember that and you'll be all set!

What's Next?

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Hayley Milliman is a former teacher turned writer who blogs about education, history, and technology. When she was a teacher, Hayley's students regularly scored in the 99th percentile thanks to her passion for making topics digestible and accessible. In addition to her work for PrepScholar, Hayley is the author of Museum Hack's Guide to History's Fiercest Females.

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AP Style I.e. and E.g.

Home » AP Style » AP Style I.e. and E.g.

AP Style recognizes i.e. as meaning “that is” and e.g. as meaning “for example.”

AP Style has a specific way that it requires these two abbreviations to be written in writing. AP Style requires that a comma follow these abbreviations. Consider the following,

• Wrong: The bulk (i.e. about 80 percent) of the work needs to be done in the next three days.
• Correct: The bulk (i.e., about 80 percent) of the work needs to be done in the next three days.
• Wrong: I have many hobbies (e.g. golf, sailing, writing).
• Correct: I have many hobbies (e.g., golf, sailing, writing).

For a more full discussion on the differences between i.e. and e.g., check out our full post on the subject .

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The Difference Between 'i.e.' and 'e.g.'

What to Know I.e. means “that is,” as in “She’s a Hoosier, i.e., she’s from Indiana.” E.g. means “for example,” as in “She roots for the local teams, e.g., the Pacers and the Colts.”

How to Use 'i.e.'

I.e. stands for the Latin id est , or 'that is,' and is used to introduce a word or phrase that restates what has been said previously. What follows the i.e. is meant to clarify the earlier statement:

Research at three British zoos suggests that meerkats "showed increased positive interactions" (i.e. they were happier) when human visitors returned than they were during the visitorless lockdown. — Peter Rhodes, Shropshire Star (Telford, England), 5 Mar. 2021

I.e. is similarly useful for defining or explaining a term or concept whose meaning readers might not know:

Take butterflied — i.e. deboned — whole fish, sprinkle it with lime and orange juices, and sumac, and then bake for about 10 minutes. — Emily Weinstein, The New York Times , 10 June 2022 If your home has “hard water” (i.e., a high mineral content), your sinks, showers, and tubs no doubt bear white or yellow buildup as a result. — Melissa Reddigari, BobVila.com , 22 Aug. 2019

While i.e. is often set off by brackets or parentheses, it can also sometimes follow a comma or em dash. It is usually followed by a comma.

How to Use 'e.g.'

E.g. means “for example.” (It stands for exempli gratia in Latin.) It is used in much the same ways as 'for example,' coming before an item or list of items.

Set an immediate timeline, e.g., three weeks, to learn all this. — Waterloo Region Record (Kitchener, Canada), 12 July 2022 WIPA will launch a 12-week choral program for up to 60 older adults that explores musical themes (e.g., Jazz, Rock, Great American Songbook, Classical) chosen by the participants. — Courier-News (Bridgewater, NJ), 2 July 2018

E.g. is similar to i.e. in the way it is punctuated: it is often placed inside brackets or parentheses, and can sometimes follow a comma or em dash. It is also usually followed by a comma.

It may help to remember that both 'that is' and 'for example' function in English in the same way as i.e. and e.g. . If you feel uncertain try substituting ‘that is’ for i.e. , or ‘for example’ for e.g. ; if your sentence still makes sense you’ve used the right one.

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Academic writing tips: Difference between ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’

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• Charlesworth Author Services
• 23 November, 2021

The abbreviations ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ are common in academic writing, and they can be useful in many contexts. They each have a very specific and different meaning, but people often get them confused. This article explains where each abbreviation comes from and how they should be used.

What do they actually mean?

Academic English – and indeed English in general – tends to be scattered with words and phrases that have been ‘borrowed’ from other languages. In this case, ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ are abbreviations of Latin words . But what do they mean? To summarise:

• ‘e.g.’ is short for exempli gratia , which translates as ‘ for the sake of example ’
• ‘i.e.’ is short for id est , which literally means ‘ that is ’.

As to why we use abbreviations of an ancient language instead of their English equivalents, that is perhaps a question best left to further academic study.

How and when to use ‘e.g.’

If you are introducing an example or a list of examples , then you should use ‘e.g.’. You can use this anywhere you would normally use the English phrase ‘for example’, such as:

Rare-earth elements, e.g., neodymium , can be used to make powerful magnets.

In the above sentence, note that ‘neodymium’ is only one of the possible rare-earth elements that could have been given as an example; it could be replaced with another element or indeed a list of several of these elements. This is an important point .

How and when to use ‘i.e.’

In contrast, if you are indicating one specific thing , then you should use ‘i.e.’. As noted, this abbreviation literally means ‘that is’. However, it might be easier to understand if you think of it as meaning ‘in other words’. For example:

Herbivorous mammals, i.e., those that feed exclusively on plants , tend to be preyed upon by larger carnivores.

In this sentence, ‘herbivorous mammals’ and ‘those that feed exclusively on plants’ mean the same thing but are stated in different words. To be clear, what is given after the ‘i.e.’ is not just an example, it is a re-stating of the same thing in a different way.

Should you include a comma after these abbreviations?

In the two examples above (presented here again for ease of reference), note that both abbreviations are followed by a comma .

Rare-earth elements, e.g., neodymium, can be used to make powerful magnets. Herbivorous mammals, i.e., those that feed exclusively on plants, tend to be preyed upon by larger carnivores.

Different journals and style guides have different opinions on whether these commas should be present. In broad terms, most US English style guides (and therefore many international journals) require this comma, while many British style guides do not. If in doubt, it is probably better to include a comma .

Also, it is always a good idea to check the style guide and preferences of any journal you are submitting to as you are preparing your manuscript ; most should indicate whether they follow US or British English. 

Here are the two simple rules you need:

• If you are giving an example or a list of examples, use ‘e.g.’;

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• For Example Abbreviation (e.g.) | Usage & Examples

For Example Abbreviation (e.g.) | Usage & Examples

Published on 2 February 2023 by Julia Merkus . Revised on 13 March 2023.

For example is a common phrase used to indicate an example or illustration to support a statement. In writing, it is often abbreviated as e.g. and used to introduce an example or series of examples.

This Latin abbreviation stands for ‘exempli gratia’, which translates to ‘for the sake of example’. The abbreviation should be written with lowercase letters, with a period after each letter, and followed by a comma .

I enjoy many outdoor activities, e.g. , hiking, camping, and fishing.

Table of contents

E.g. vs i.e., other interesting language articles, frequently asked questions.

‘E.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ are sometimes confused, but they have different meanings and shouldn’t be used interchangeably:

• E.g. stands for ‘exempli gratia’, meaning ‘for example’, and is used to provide specific examples that fall under a more general category.
• I.e. stands for ‘id est’, meaning ‘that is’, and is used to clarify or rephrase a statement to make it more precise or specific.

If you want to know more about commonly confused words , definitions , and differences between US and UK spellings , make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

Confused words

• Former vs latter
• Its vs it’s
• Then vs than
• There, their, vs they’re
• Whose vs who’s

Definitions

• Implications

US vs. UK spellings

• Canceled or cancelled
• Defense or defence
• Gray or grey
• Realize or realise
• Toward or towards

The latin abbreviation for “ for example ” is e.g. , which stands for “exempli gratia.” This translates to “for the sake of example.”

It is used to introduce an example or a list of examples, as in the following sentence: “Many interesting species of animals ( e.g. , koalas, emus, and kangaroos) are native to Australia.”

The correct abbreviation for “ for example ” is e.g. , not “ex.” “Ex” is sometimes used in informal language, but it’s best to avoid it, since this abbreviation can be confused with other uses of “ex,” such as its use to mean “former” in a term like “ex-boyfriend.”

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

Merkus, J. (2023, March 13). For Example Abbreviation (e.g.) | Usage & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 30 September 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/definition/abbreviation-for-example/

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How to Use ‘E.g.' and ‘I.e.'

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The terms e.g. and i.e. mean different things, and it is important to use the correct abbreviation to ensure that the meaning of a sentence is retained.

Updated on July 31, 2012

There are a few Latin terms that are still commonly used in English scholarly writing, including the abbreviations ' e.g. ' and ' i.e. ' Sometimes writers use these abbreviations interchangeably, but these terms mean different things, and it is important to use the correct abbreviation to ensure that the meaning of a sentence is retained. Both of these abbreviations are commonly used at the beginning of nonrestrictive elements that are enclosed in either commas or parentheses. Most style guides suggest the use of a comma after both e.g. and i.e.

E.g. Meaning (exempli gratia)

e.g. is the abbreviation for the Latin phrase exempli gratia , meaning “for example.” This abbreviation is typically used to introduce one or more examples of something mentioned previously in the sentence and can be used interchangeably with “for example” or “such as.” The use of e.g. implies that there are other examples not mentioned in the list. Here are some examples of how to use e.g. in a sentence:

• “The Summer Olympics is composed of a variety of sports (e.g., gymnastics, swimming, and tennis).”
• “Many genes are involved in neural tube development, e.g., Sonic Hedgehog, BMPs, and the Hox genes.”
• Note: because e.g. implies that other examples are being omitted, do not use etc. in the same list.

I.e. Meaning (id est)

i.e. is the abbreviation for the Latin phrase id est , meaning “that is.” This abbreviation is used when you want to specify something mentioned previously; it can be used interchangeably with “specifically” or “namely.” Here are some examples of how to use i.e. in a sentence:

• “Only one city, i.e., London, has hosted the Summer Olympics three times.”
• “Every genetics student learns the two basic methodologies in the field, i.e., forward genetics and reverse genetics.”

Easy Ways to Remember the Difference

A helpful way to remember which abbreviation to use is by looking at the first letter in each acronym and using mnemonic devices. If you're confused about which abbreviation to use, associate the 'i' in i.e. with “in other words.”

For e.g., think of the ‘e' as standing for “example” instead of the less common term “exempli.”

I.e. and E.g. Punctuation and Formatting

• Parenthesis are not completely necessary, but they help the reader follow and understand the use of the abbreviation.
• Always use periods after each letter in both acronyms.
• A comma should be used after the acronym like the following:
• Don't use italics.
• Use lowercase letters when using i.e. or e.g. in a sentence. The only exceptions to this is when:
• The abbreviation starts a sentence
• The abbreviation is in the title

We hope that this clears up some confusion about these terms. Please email us with any questions. Best of luck with your writing!

Sarah Mudrak, PhD

See our "Privacy Policy"

How to Use I.e. vs E.g. Correctly

Table of Contents

E.g. in an example sentence, i.e. in an example sentence.

One of the most common questions we receive from clients is: "Are the abbreviations i.e. and e.g. interchangeable?"

They are not. Each has a specific meaning and use.

There are standard abbreviations to use when writing a business document (e.g., an email, memo, or text message) and you need to add clarifying information (i.e., grammar rules and tips):

• i.e. is the customary abbreviation for " that is. " It is derived from the Latin term "id est."
• e.g. is the customary abbreviation for " for example. " It is derived from the Latin phrase "exempli gratia."

So I don't have to worry about remembering the Latin derivations, I simply remember that example and e.g. both start with the letter e. E=example=e.g. Therefore, examples use e.g. while clarifications use i.e..

The marketing team will require only the basic presentation materials for the Atlanta trip (e.g., Product Benefits PowerPoint, Competitor Comparison Checklist). Be sure everyone receives full travel itineraries by tomorrow.

We eliminated the Alexa shoe from our upcoming catalog after customer complaints alerted us of quality issues (i.e., the red ink was not colorfast). When you meet with department store managers, I recommend substituting the similar Daniella shoe.

Important clarifications

• Only use these abbreviated forms e.g. and i.e. in more informal or expedient documents. It is always correct to simply write out, "for example," or "that is."
• Since these are abbreviations, they do require a period after each letter.

Don't forget that nearly all style guides state that i.e., and e.g., require a comma placed after the last period.                                                     

If you are looking for more tips and tricks check out our full list of business writing tips .

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'for example' and 'e.g.' in a thesis

I'm writing a thesis in English (I'm not a native speaker) and I suddenly wondered:

should I use 'for example' or 'e.g.'?

should try to completely avoid both?

There are no university specific recommendations for it afaik and other thesis in my department differ greatly from each other (don't get me wrong - this makes total sense to me as it is probably one of the least significant things :D). I saw theses with only for example / mostly e.g. / neither of those terms.

I like the example of the usage from here , especially this part:

Please note that when submitting essays or theses to universities in Australia, it is preferred that you only use e.g. within parentheses, such as in the following examples: ‘Many people thought that John had a large collection of classic cars, (e.g., a Rolls Royce Phantom, a Phaeton and an MG), which he kept in a large warehouse.’ ‘Joan had errors in her essay (e.g., no commas).’

And then they add:

Otherwise, it is preferable for you to use ‘for example’ rather than ‘e.g.’

But that's where new questions arise:

• How to exactly use 'for example' then?
• Based on what can I decide if I should choose one or the other?
• Is this only specific for Australian- or other English universities too?

And here a few actual sentences from my thesis:

Other XML tags for visual components, collision objects and more configurations can also be defined. For example: using the <visual> tag the model can be graphically displayed.

Including other files, which enables model files to be created as reusable modules, e.g., for loading different robot models into the same environment.

It can display model files and data from topics , e.g., camera data.

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• word-choice

• 1 Based on english.stackexchange.com/questions/7946/… at the very least it is okay to use e.g. outside of parentheses. –  Anketam Commented Jun 11, 2018 at 21:50
• 2 Have you asked your advisor if there's a local preference? –  Ken Mohnkern Commented Jun 12, 2018 at 12:54
• 1 I think the recommendation you quote somehow replies to your first two question: use "e.g" in short, to the point clarifications (e,g, something you could remove without loosing meaning), and use "for example" for longer and more elaborated examples –  Rolazaro Azeveires Commented Jun 12, 2018 at 20:45

3 Answers 3

I can find nothing to indicate that e.g. (or 'for example') should be left out of a thesis, or any other body of writing.

If you do, however, want to use a different indicator then 'such as' is a good, formal alternative. It is possible to use 'like' in some contexts, but this is a more informal mode of expression and should probably not be used in a thesis.

The examples you provided illustrate one good point that you already seem to know. You used e.g. in the middle of a sentence and 'for example' to begin a sentence - well done.

Good luck with your thesis.

"E.g." is an abbreviation for the Latin "exempli gratia", which means "for example". The abbreviation is fairly common in "advanced" writing, like theses, in my experience.

However, it's an other-language abbreviation, so it's a small hurdle for some. Might your thesis have readers who are less advanced? Might some of them be weaker with English than you are? Might your thesis ever be translated, either wholly or by people pasting bits into Google Translate?

Because of these considerations, some writers, editors, and departments avoid using any of the Latin abbreviations (e.g., i.e., ibid.). It is not wrong to use "for example" instead, and your work will be slightly more accessible if you use that instead of "e.g.".

Either way, the phrase is not limited to parenthetical expressions.

They mean exactly the same thing. Outside of cases where you must following a specific manual of style, if the writing is formal, it's up to you. You should, however (according to Strunk), place e.g. inside a pair of commas, e.g., here.

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How to Use i.e. Correctly (With Examples)

Last Updated: May 20, 2024 Fact Checked

When & How to Use "i.e."

"i.e." vs "e.g", when & how to use "e.g.".

• Formatting & Punctuation Rules

Example Sentences

This article was reviewed by Gerald Posner and by wikiHow staff writer, Annabelle Reyes . Gerald Posner is an Author & Journalist based in Miami, Florida. With over 35 years of experience, he specializes in investigative journalism, nonfiction books, and editorials. He holds a law degree from UC College of the Law, San Francisco, and a BA in Political Science from the University of California-Berkeley. He’s the author of thirteen books, including several New York Times bestsellers, the winner of the Florida Book Award for General Nonfiction, and has been a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in History. He was also shortlisted for the Best Business Book of 2020 by the Society for Advancing Business Editing and Writing. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 749,683 times.

The abbreviation “i.e.” stands for the Latin phrase id est , which means “ in other words” or “that is to say.” [1] X Research source If you’re unsure about how to use “i.e.” in your writing, you’ve come to the right place! We’ll go over what “i.e.” means, how to type it correctly, and how to use it in a sentence like a pro. We’ll also cover when to use the similar abbreviation “e.g.” instead of "i.e.", so keep reading!

What is the correct way to use “i.e.”?

Use “i.e.” when you want to restate or clarify something you’ve just written. For example: “I’m a vegetarian, i.e., I don’t eat meat.” “I.e.” is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase id est , which means “that is” or “in other words.” As a result, you can usually replace either phrase with “i.e.” in a sentence.

• “I bought that cute writing journal, i.e., the one with the beaded cover.”
• “He works the morning shift, i.e., from 6 am to 1 pm.”
• “She’s visiting her home state (i.e., Kentucky) for the holidays.”
• “I’m on my way to eat my favorite meal of the day, i.e., breakfast.”
• “I told her I could cover the entire cost of her plane ticket (i.e., $150) if she pays me back next month.
• Keep in mind that “i.e.” is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase id est, which means “that is” or “in other words.” If you’re using either of these phrases in a sentence, you should be able to easily replace it with “i.e.” instead. [3] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source

• “I.e.” starts with an “i,” so it means “ i n other words.”
• “E.g.” starts with an “e,” so it means “for e xample.”

• In this sentence, you haven’t named all types of Japanese food. You’ve simply listed some key examples, which makes “e.g.” the correct choice.
• “Victorian literature (e.g., Jane Eyre , Middlemarch , and The Picture of Dorian Gray ) is my favorite genre to study.”
• “There are tons of delicious toppings you can put on oatmeal, e.g., bananas, fresh berries, chopped walnuts, or honey.
• “I now like green vegetables (e.g., broccoli, brussels sprouts, and kale), a lot more than I did when I was a kid.” [6] X Research source

Formatting & Punctuation Rules for "i.e." & "e.g"

• “He prefers to use native plants, i.e., plants that naturally grow in the area, in his garden.”
• “I love Italian food, e.g., pasta, bruschetta, pizza, and lasagna.”
• “I’m going to head over to my favorite place (i.e., the book store) as soon as I get off work.”
• “I love music from the 70’s (e.g. Fleetwood Mac, Abba, Stevie Wonder, and Elton John).”

• For example, the sentence, “I.e. he likes superheroes” or the sentence, “He likes superheroes, i.e.” would be incorrect.
• The correct sentence would be, “He likes superheroes, i.e., social misfits who save the world.”

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• ↑ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/ie
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/latin-terms-and-abbreviations/
• ↑ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/eg
• ↑ https://www.dictionary.com/e/ie-vs-eg/

About This Article

When you use "i.e." in a sentence, you're using it in place of a phrase like “that is” or “in other words.” For example, instead of writing "She likes superheroes, that is, social misfits who save the world," you'd write "She likes superheroes, i.e., social misfits who save the world." Make sure you offset “i.e.” with commas before and after, and use lowercase letters with a period after each letter. Also, keep “i.e.” in regular type rather than bolding or italicizing it. To learn how and when to use “i.e.” in informal documents or business correspondence, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

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The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

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Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

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McCombes, S. (2023, August 15). How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved October 1, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/thesis-statement/

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