medical research council hammersmith

Opening of MRC institute building heralds new ‘team science’ era

24 January 2024

The Princess Royal officially opens £120m state-of-the-art MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS) building on Imperial College London Hammersmith campus.

The institute’s new home is a striking eight-storey building clad in anodised aluminium and houses 400 scientists working across themes including:

• genes and the environment
• heart and metabolic disease
• sex-based differences in disease

The institute is hosted by Imperial College London and is one of only two laboratories in the UK wholly-funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC).

The new building was designed to amplify the institute’s core strength of bridging the gap between scientists exploring fundamental biological mechanisms and those translating that work into clinical applications.

Its modern design is a step change for scientists working at the laboratory, which traces its history back more than 60 years. The building’s central staircase and atrium visually connect all floors, encouraging researchers from a range of different disciplines to socialise and collaborate.

Collaboration was also the spirit of the building project itself, marked by the project winning the Construction Excellence Award 2023 (South-East) for collaboration and integration.

Credit: MRC LMS

New building fosters team-science approach

LMS director Professor Wiebke Arlt, who was appointed in January 2023, takes a bold new approach to research by championing challenge-lead team science.

Unlike the individualistic ‘hero science’ of the past, the team science approach builds dynamic collaborations around specific biomedical challenges co-designed with a range of stakeholders including scientists, clinicians, patients, and the public.

While team science has been advocated by other organisations, this is the first time it has been enshrined in a research strategy for a core-funded UK government institute, turning the traditional approach to research on its head.

Transcending disciplinary boundaries

Professor Wiebke Arlt, Director of MRC LMS, said:

We are delighted to welcome The Princess Royal to MRC LMS. Our new building’s design fosters an environment highly suited to team science that transcends disciplinary boundaries, bringing together clinical and non-clinical scientists in a shared space designed for collaboration, training and mentorship. By actively welcoming people from our local community, organising public lectures and participating in community events, the laboratory is also fostering collaboration beyond its walls. We will continue to build bridges between our scientists and the public, enabling a better understanding of complex issues. Our researchers also actively visit our local communities and schools to share our research, demonstrating the LMS’ societal impact through education and engagement.

Facilities host groundbreaking research

During the opening, The Princess Royal was shown around some of the key facilities in the new institute.

They included the ‘fly lab’, where researchers are exploring the factors underpinning ageing and metabolism, and how these translate to human health and disease.

For example, research in the fly lab has shown that sugar induced diabetes, known to decrease the survival of humans, does not impact the lifespan of flies. The race is now on to uncover the science behind this difference to see whether humans can benefit from this discovery.

Another lab featured in the tour was that of Professor Rueda. This is where researchers use video game technology to stretch a single strand of DNA (more than 30,000 times smaller than a human hair) to explore how tension and coiling affect our genes.

The team’s work provides insights into the impacts of new gene editing techniques such as CRISPR.

The tour also included the cardiac imaging facility housing a new artificial intelligence tool that can detect signs of ageing in the heart that are invisible to the human eye.

The Princess Royal capturing a single strand of DNA with PhD candidate Quentin Smith. Credit: MRC LMS

Building upon a unique legacy

Patrick Chinnery, Executive Chair of MRC said:

We are honored and deeply grateful to HRH Princess Royal for inaugurating the new home of the MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences. Today’s event builds upon a unique legacy, as Princess Royal also opened the lab’s first building in 1995. Her continued support for the MRC, for science, and especially championing women in STEM is truly valued. As one of MRC’s flagship institutes, LMS underscores the importance of long-term investment in science infrastructure, and particularly MRC’s commitment to research relevant for human health. We look forward to continuing to work in collaboration with Wiebke and the LMS team in this new exciting era.

Further information

New institute building funded by mrc and imperial.

Funded by MRC with significant investment from Imperial College London the new building is situated on the Hammersmith hospital site of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust.

The close proximity to the rapidly expanding Imperial White City Innovation Campus further ensures that this strategic alliance will translate scientific discoveries into medical breakthroughs, innovative technologies and economic impact.

The LMS was first conceived in 1959 and opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in 1970 when it was located at Northwick Park Hospital in Harrow.

The institute later moved to the Hammersmith Hospital site and was opened by The Princess Royal in 1995. In 2015, driven by the demands of 21st century science the planning for the new building, with collaboration and sustainability in mind, began.

About the MRC LMS building

The MRC LMS was commissioned by MRC with investment from Imperial College London. Project and cost managed by Turner and Townsend, the architects were Hawkins Brown, and the main construction contractors were Walter Lilly, with Buro Happold acting as structural and service engineers.

Top image:  The Princess Royal looking at fruit flies with postdoctoral researcher Claudia Lennicke. Credit: MRC LMS

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McCready R, Gnanasegaran G, Bomanji JB, editors. A History of Radionuclide Studies in the UK: 50th Anniversary of the British Nuclear Medicine Society [Internet]. Cham (CH): Springer; 2016. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28624-2_12

A History of Radionuclide Studies in the UK: 50th Anniversary of the British Nuclear Medicine Society [Internet].

Chapter 12 nuclear medicine at the hammersmith hospital.

Michael Peters .

Affiliations

Published online: March 10, 2016.

In the early days, Hammersmith campus was probably the leading medical research hospital in the UK, and enjoyed a reputation based on a fantastic multidisciplinary approach and spirit of collaboration, co-operation and clinical support. Nuclear medicine at the Hammersmith Hospital was established as a separate unit by Peter Lavender in the early seventies. It was called the Radioisotope Unit to distinguish it from the pre-existing Department of Medical Physics. As well as providing a clinical service, the unit, was active in clinical research complemented by the extensive academic activities of the MRC Cyclotron Unit. This chapter will enlighten us with the contributions from Hammersmith Hospitals’ to the science and practice of nuclear medicine in the UK and worldwide.

Nuclear medicine at the Hammersmith Hospital was established as a separate unit by Peter Lavender in the early seventies. It was called the Radioisotope Unit to distinguish it from the pre-existing Department of Medical Physics, headed by Harold Glass who was one of the early pioneers in medical radioisotope scanners [ 1 ]. As well as providing a clinical service, the unit, which only comprised two rooms, was active in clinical research complemented by the extensive academic activities of the MRC Cyclotron Unit. Two good examples of these activities that launched nuclear medicine at Hammersmith are firstly the development by Clark, Watson Fazio and Jones of Kr-81m for ventilation and perfusion studies [ 2 ], and secondly, cell labelling.

Kr-81m is a 13 s half-life radionuclide that is the metastable daughter of Rb-81, which has a half-life of 4.7 h. To obtain Kr-81m gas, oxygen is passed through the generator. There was an enthusiastic response to the generator across the UK, and, at one point, Kr-81m/Tc-99m ventilation/perfusion imaging was the second most frequently performed imaging procedure in the UK after bone scanning. Whilst Kr-81m remains the optimal ventilation agent for lung scanning, it is not so widely appreciated that Lavender and his colleagues also administered Kr-81 in solution to measure tissue perfusion. To obtain Kr-81m in solution, isotonic glucose is passed through the generator. For example, Harvey-Turner and Selwyn infused Kr-81m into the aortic root of dogs and continuously imaged regional changes in myocardial perfusion in response to transient coronary artery occlusion [ 3 ]. The distribution of pulmonary blood flow in humans was also imaged by continuous intravenous infusion [ 4 ]. Kr-81m was given both by inhalation and infusion to study ventilation-perfusion ratios and regional lung function in adults [ 4 , 5 ] and children [ 6 ], When combined with the longer half-life Kr-85 (a lung gas volume marker), regional lung function per unit volume could be assessed. Lavender used Kr-81m/Tc-99m SPECT in the early eighties to study pulmonary physiology [ 7 ] but did not feel that it offered any great advantage over planar imaging for diagnosing pulmonary thrombo-embolic disease.

The second example of innovative collaboration between Hammersmith nuclear medicine and MRC Cyclotron Unit was the development of cell labelling by Thakur and McAfee. John McAfee came to the Hammersmith for a 6 month sabbatical with the specific aim of working with Matthew Thakur to develop cell labelling for clinical imaging. Cr-51 had already been developed for cell labelling but is not suitable for gamma camera imaging, only surface counting. Testing several combinations of lipophilic chelating agents and radiometals, Thakur and McAfee came up with In-111 and hydroxyquinoline (oxine). The first full paper on leucocyte scanning for sepsis, based on 15 patients, was published in 1977 ([ 8 ]; Fig. 12.1 ).

A patient with multiple sites of sepsis imaged with In-111-labelled leucocytes (From Ref. [8])

There was great hope for performing labelled lymphocyte studies too, until it was soon found that lymphocytes are radio-sensitive and destroyed by labelling with amounts of In-111 required for imaging. I arrived at the Hammersmith in 1979 to undertake a 3-year Cancer Research Campaign-funded project on labelled lymphocytes but with this discovery quickly turned my attention to labelled leucocytes and platelets. In those days, Amersham International was not selling In-111-oxine, so it had to be prepared in-house (by a radio-chemist, Malcolm Kensett, in the MRC Cyclotron Unit). Once a patient had been identified, I would order the In-111-oxine, go to the MRC to collect it, take the patient’s blood, go to the Haematology Isotope Unit to label it, then take it back to the Radioisotope Unit to inject it and image the patient. The Haematology isotope unit under the leadership of Mitchell Lewis, provided a tertiary service for ferrokinetics, using Fe-59 and Fe-52 (a positron emitter), and red cell survival and surface counting studies using Cr-51-labelled red cells. The unit also supported studies involving labelled cells, including In-111-labelled platelet kinetic studies by Klonikakis et al. [ 9 ], In-113m-labelled red cells and platelets, and studies on the clearance rates of labelled red cells modified by heating or antibody coating, undertaken by several workers from the Department of Medicine studying reticulo-endothelial (RE) function.

The Medical Research Council funded the building of a medical cyclotron on the Hammersmith site in 1954 (Fig. 12.2 ). This stimulated much research into cardiopulmonary physiology and neuro-pathophysiology in collaboration with the clinical staff of the Hospital. Pairs of scintillation detectors (front and back) were used first (with coincidence counting of positron emission), then planar gamma camera imaging, and finally positron emission tomography. The first studies were carried out in the late 1950s by West and his colleagues [ 10 – 12 ] using the short-lived positron emitting isotope, oxygen-15 (half life 2.1 min) as C 15 O 2 and C 15 O. Lung water distribution was studied with H 2 15 O [ 13 , 14 ], pulmonary perfusion with infused 13 N 2 in solution [ 15 ], pulmonary haemorrhage with inhaled 11 CO [ 16 ], and ventilation with neon-19 [ 17 ]. Rhodes and Hughes [ 18 ] summarized pulmonary studies using the positron camera. There was also much interest in studies of inflammatory conditions using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 FDG) [ 19 , 20 ], and in imaging beta-agonist receptors in the heart and lung [ 21 , 22 ].

The cyclotron being installed in the MRC building at the Hammersmith Hospital in 1956

Research activity elsewhere in the MRC Cyclotron Unit included the development of 18 FDG for imaging the brain (Terry Jones and Richard Frackowiak) and myocardium. Camici et al. were one of the first groups to image Rb-82 uptake in the myocardium of patients with coronary disease and show increased FDG uptake in ischaemic regions [ 23 ].

Many pioneers in nuclear medicine worked at Hammersmith. One of the earliest was Charles Galasko who in bone scintigraphy showed in 1968 that 12 of 50 patients with apparently ‘early’ breast cancer on clinical, radiological and biochemical grounds had positive scintigraphy and developed metastatic disease in the first 5 years following mastectomy [ 24 ]. Joseph Pflug was a pioneer in lymphatic function studies and was one of the first to use lymphoscintigraphy. Aga Epenetos, an oncologist, was one of the first to develop radiolabelled monocloncal antibodies for imaging cancer. Having worked with Keith Britton at St Bartholomew’s and Walter Bodmer from the then ICRF, Epenetos continued his work at the Hammersmith. Also collaborating with ICRF, Lavender used a very effective monoclonal antibody to the platelet fibrinogen receptor for imaging thrombus ([ 25 ]; Fig. 12.3 ).

Images in a patient who 2 ( top panel ), 3 ( middle panel ) and 4 ( bottom panel ) days before receiving a total hip replacement. The In-111-labelled antibody P256 was administered shortly after surgery. Note the development of thrombus in the femoral veins (more...)

Dominic Haskard came to Hammersmith from Guy’s Hospital around 1990 and developed very effective monocloncal antibodies to vascular adhesion molecules for imaging inflammation [ 26 ]. Sadly, however, none of these labelled antibodies made it into regular nuclear medicine practice.

Having developed In-111-oxine cell labelling, workers at the Hammersmith, again in collaboration with the MRC Cyclotron Unit (Danpure and Osman), then explored other chelating agents and discovered tropolone [ 27 ], which, now that GE do not offer In-111-oxine, is the standard agent for In-111 cell labelling. We then went on to develop Tc-99m-HMPAO for leucocyte labelling [ 28 ]. Saverymuttu demonstrated the extraordinary ability of In-111 and Tc-99m-labelled leucocyte scintigraphy to quantify and image inflammatory bowel disease (Fig. 12.4 ) and published numerous papers on its applications in gastroenterology.

Inflammatory bowel disease imaged 1 h after injection of Tc-99m-HMPAO-labelled leucocytes

Other, generally unfunded work, on patient volunteers established the normal whole body kinetics and physiological margination sites of granulocytes, and, in particular, dismantled the erroneous notion that the vast majority of intravascular granulocytes are pooled in the lungs [ 29 ]. It was clearly demonstrated how in systemic inflammatory diseases, such as pancreatitis, IBD and vasculitis, circulating granulocytes become primed, lose deformability and undergo prolonged transit through the pulmonary vasculature. This is in contrast to hold-up in the lungs of granulocytes artificially activated by the labelling procedure and associated with very low intravascular recovery. This work led to quality control guidelines for leucocyte labelling.

Another major nuclear medicine landmark in the history of the Hammersmith radioisotope unit was the development by Mark Pepys and Philip Hawkins of I-123-labelled serum amyloid protein (SAP) for imaging amyloidosis [ 30 ]. This work was dramatically successful and led to the establishment of a separate unit in the hospital with its own gamma camera and technical staff, such was the weight of referrals from all over the country. So, at one time, there were five separate nuclear medicine units on the Hammersmith site! I remember Pepys and Hawkins opening champagne in the Radioisotope Unit when they had just witnessed heavy hepatic uptake of labelled SAP in a patient with amyloidosis (Fig. 12.5 ). I wondered if the celebrations might be premature, having learned that in general when a tracer is not functioning properly it is liable to end up in the liver, but this was clearly not the case!

Hepato-splenic amyloidosis ( a ) compared with normal distribution of I-123-labelled SAP ( b ) (From Refs. [29])

The spirit of research collaboration at the Hammersmith Hospital fuelled many interesting research projects using radionuclides. For example, the early advances in interventional radiology allowed us to inject In-111-labelled platelets directly into the splenic artery of patients having arterial catheterization and show conclusively that platelets pool in the spleen and are released after a mean residence time of about 10 min. Plasma exchange for the treatment of immune complex disease was shown to be associated with improved RE function as measured by the splenic extraction efficiency of radiolabelled antibody-coated red cells, using simultaneously injected In-111-labelled platelets to measure splenic blood flow [ 31 ]. Before then, it had been thought that RE function could be quantified by the clearance rate of heat-damaged red cells until we showed that the clearance rate reflected splenic pooling and was therefore, like platelet equilibration between blood and spleen, a measure of splenic blood flow. Early studies on pulmonary epithelial permeability using inhaled Tc-99m-DTPA [ 32 ] and pulmonary endothelial permeability using intravenous In-111-transferrin [ 33 ] were performed by Royston and his co-workers. Davies and Walport demonstrated for the first time the whole body kinetics of I-123-labelled immune complexes [ 34 ].

In the mid-nineties, rotaPET was acquired by what had now been re-named the ‘Nuclear Medicine Department’. This was a partial ring detector consisting of two separate segments and was used predominantly for FDG imaging of cancer but also clinical F-18-DOPA brain imaging. The department was involved in early clinical work with In-111-pentetriotide and showed how amino acid infusion blocked renal tubular uptake of the agent [ 35 ]. In research, Harrington and Stewart demonstrated the targeting of tumours by In-111-labelled stealth liposomes containing chemotherapeutic agents [ 36 ]. In collaboration with ‘Tiny’ Maini from the Institute of Rheumatology, the therapeutic effect of TNFα blockade was shown to reduce dramatically leucocyte uptake in rheumatoid joints [ 37 ]. Muhammad Mubashar was one of the first workers to image P-glycoprotein expression in breast cancer [ 38 ]. As one of the first centres in the UK to develop interventional radiology, the Hammersmith Hospital was a referral centre for conditions such as pulmonary arterio-venous shunts and much work with the Department of Respiratory Medicine [ 39 ] was performed to quantify these shunts before and after therapeutic embolization. Finally, elegant work performed in collaboration with George Hall, an anaesthetist with an interest in exercise physiology, demonstrated in trained athletes undergoing maximal brief exercise how platelets and all leucocyte subtypes pool in the spleen with similar residence times [ 40 ]. Contrasting the behaviour of red cells versus leucocytes and platelets in response to exercise, he showed that the spleen is essentially an erectile organ – permanently erect!

In the time I was at Hammersmith Hospital (1979–1999), the Hammersmith campus was probably the leading medical research hospital in the UK, and enjoyed a reputation based on a fantastic multidisciplinary approach and spirit of collaboration, co-operation and clinical support. Clinical research in nuclear medicine that goes beyond the evaluation of the latest novel radiopharmaceutical or imaging hardware critically depends on support from the clinicians, and this support was second-to-none at the Hammersmith.

• Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Prof Mike Hughes and Prof Peter Lavender for advice regarding the work described in this article.

Michael Peters

Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 2.5 License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ ) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.

The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the work’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in the work’s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce the material.

• Cite this Page Peters M. Nuclear Medicine at the Hammersmith Hospital. 2016 Mar 10. In: McCready R, Gnanasegaran G, Bomanji JB, editors. A History of Radionuclide Studies in the UK: 50th Anniversary of the British Nuclear Medicine Society [Internet]. Cham (CH): Springer; 2016. Chapter 12. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28624-2_12
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MRC institute re-homed in new £120m building

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Base for MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, opened by Princess Anne, will champion team science

The Medical Research Council’s Laboratory of Medical Sciences has moved to a new £120m building near its previous Hammersmith Hospital base.

The new base is an eight-storey building on the Imperial College London Hammersmith campus. The MRC says the building was designed to amplify the LMS’s ability to bridge the gap between scientists exploring fundamental biological mechanisms and those translating that work into clinical applications.

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MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences

Hammersmith, London

The Medical Research Council (MRC) London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS) project saw the design and construction of a 12,070 m 2 new build nine storey biomedical research facility. In collaboration with Imperial College London, the facility meets the Institute’s future needs providing the infrastructure needed to maintain and increase its scientific impact, bringing researchers together under one roof for the first time.

The new state-of-the-art facility houses CL2 laboratories, sophisticated imaging equipment including a confocal microscopy suite and a cryogenic electron microscopy suite, write up spaces, public engagement spaces including a 120-person seminar room and cafe, a data centre and a central open atrium with feature stair core.

The new building is on the site of the decommissioned Cyclotron building, an extensive enabling works contract was carried out by Walter Lilly.

The site is located on the Hammersmith Hospital campus, adjacent to the Ark Burlington Danes Academy and Linford Christie Stadium and is on a blue light route. In order to avoid disruption to all surrounding stakeholders, Walter Lilly established effective communications to address issues such as dust, noise, and traffic.  The work was carried out in close cooperation with the Imperial College Hospital Trust (ICHT) and Imperial College London to also ensure access to adjacent buildings was maintained throughout the construction process.

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Bringing scientists together in the Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences (MRC LMS) building

Jointly commissioned by the Medical Research Council and Imperial College London, the Hawkins\Brown-designed building provides 12,000 sqm of advanced research facilities across eight storeys.

While the biomedical research facility offers training and mentorship to a new generation of scientists,  we placed a heavy emphasis on breakout areas and circulation spaces to encourage chance encounters. Opportunities for collaboration are dotted throughout the building; the central staircase and atrium establish a visual connection between all floors as well as letting in ample amounts of light in. The seventh-floor café sits next to an external terrace area offering spectacular views across London.

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The building is clad in subtle shades of anodised aluminum, giving it a distinct sense of identity. The entrance features perforated panels adorned with dynamic patterns inspired by research work across the LMS.

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The LMS is a world-class research laboratory   where scientists and clinicians collaborate to advance the understanding of biology and its application to medicine. Funded by the  MRC   as part of   UK Research and Innovation , the LMS has a collaborative working culture and new state-of-the-art building based in the heart of West London in the Hammersmith Hospital Campus (W12).

The LMS aims to deliver transdisciplinary team science, in synergistic interaction with Imperial College and the wider national research environment. Part of achieving this, is to recruit new talent and support postdoctoral scientists to become world leaders in their area of science.

Overall purpose:

To work within the Developmental Epigenomics Group with Prof Juan M Vaquerizas at the Laboratory of Medical Sciences. The Developmental Epigenomics Group aims to understand how the information encoded in DNA is accurately used by cells to perform the physiological functions that are required for each organism during the different phases of their life cycles. The access to this information is tightly regulated, and disruption or breakdown of these regulatory mechanisms are responsible for many developmental disorders and diseases such as cancer. We aim to uncover the functioning of some of these mechanisms, which, in turn, will help us understand the cause of the associated diseases. To do so, w e employ high-throughput genomic techniques such as single-cell multiomics, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and Hi-C, to examine epigenetic features genome-wide in model organisms and in vitro systems. In particular, we have a strong interest in gametogenesis and early embryonic development, the role of chromatin organisation in human disease, and the epigenetic regulation of repetitive elements. For more information, visit https://lms.mrc.ac.uk/research-group/developmental-epigenomics/

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• Oversee the overall use of the laboratory to ensure that all laboratory users comply with systems of good practice and maintain a high level of housekeeping
• Ensure the smooth running of the laboratory by updating and maintaining laboratory documentation (such as SOPs, risk assessments, etc.), management of laboratory health and safety and maintenance of equipment (purchasing, servicing, stock control, delivery of goods etc)
• To take responsibility for Health & Safety training/induction of new group members
• To update lab databases and resources (e.g. lists of reagents, equipment, protocols, cells, risk assessments)
• To work on collaborative projects, with other members of the group as well as internal and external collaborators
• Learn and optimise new techniques that would be useful to the lab, and train other lab members in these techniques
• Active participation in training of other staff and students within the group
• To accurately record and analyse the results of experiments
• To contribute to lab-wide discussions on developments within the laboratory, particularly in the use of new techniques or new equipment
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• To attend relevant workshops and conferences as necessary
• Attend, complete and pass all relevant safety training courses and ensure all lab users have attended and passed all relevant safety courses

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You will report to Juanma Vaquerizas and will liaise with other lab members and members of other LMS groups

Education / Qualifications / Training required (will be assessed from the application form):

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• Published: 01 June 1963

The Cyclotron Unit: Medical Research Council

• D. D. VONBERG 1 &
• J. F. FOWLER 1  

Nature volume  198 ,  pages 827–832 ( 1963 ) Cite this article

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SORL1 mutation in a Greek family with Parkinson's disease and dementia

Affiliations.

• 1 Department of Neurology, University of Thessaly, Medical School, Larissa, Greece.
• 2 Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
• 3 Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK.
• 4 The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• 5 Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
• 6 First Pavlov State Medical, University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
• 7 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
• 8 Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Clinical Laboratory Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
• 9 Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
• 10 Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
• 11 Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
• 12 Department of General Biology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
• 13 Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.
• 14 Bioinformatics Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
• 15 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
• 16 Reta Lila Weston Research Labs, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
• 17 UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
• PMID: 34506082
• PMCID: PMC8528452
• DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51433

Whole exome sequencing and linkage analysis were performed in a three generational pedigree of Greek origin with a broad phenotypic spectrum spanning from Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia to dementia of mixed type (Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia). We identified a novel heterozygous c.G1135T (p.G379W) variant in SORL1 which segregated with the disease in the family. Mutation screening in sporadic Greek PD cases identified one additional individual with the mutation, sharing the same 12.8Mb haplotype. Our findings provide support for SORL1 mutations resulting in a broad range of additional phenotypes and warrants further studies in neurodegenerative diseases beyond AD.

© 2021 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

SORL1 haplotypes. Symbols for affected…

SORL1 haplotypes. Symbols for affected individuals are labelled black, unknown gray, and unaffected…

(A–C) MRI scans of members…

(A–C) MRI scans of members of the pedigree, showing no signs of atrophy…

A crystal structure of SorLA…

A crystal structure of SorLA Vps10p domain in ligand‐free form, with the location…

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